What is the significance of flaps in takeoff and landing?

Flaps play a crucial role during takeoff and landing phases of flight, primarily by increasing the lift generated by the wings at lower speeds. When flaps are deployed, they modify the wing’s camber and increase its surface area, allowing the aircraft to achieve higher lift coefficients. This helps the airplane become airborne at lower speeds, which can be especially beneficial for short takeoff distances.

In addition to enhancing lift, flaps also contribute to a reduction in stall speed, allowing the aircraft to operate safely within a wider speed range close to the ground. This means pilots can maintain control during critical phases of flight when they are maneuvering at lower airspeeds. Furthermore, by allowing the aircraft to take off and land in a shorter distance, flaps can be essential for operations at airfields with limited runway lengths.

The other options do not align with the primary functions of flaps. While flaps do increase drag, this is typically a secondary consideration to their primary function of enhancing lift. Flaps do not inherently reduce fuel consumption, and they are not used for achieving maximum speed; in fact, the deployment of flaps can slow the aircraft down in pursuit of lift generation during takeoff and landing.