What is the function of the ailerons?

The function of the ailerons is primarily to control roll and lateral balance of the aircraft. Ailerons are hinged surfaces located on the outer wings of the aircraft, and they work in opposition to each other. When the pilot moves the control stick or yoke to the left or right, one aileron moves upward while the other moves downward. This differential movement creates a difference in lift between the two wings.

By raising the aileron on one wing, the lift is reduced on that side, causing the wing to drop, while lowering the aileron on the opposite wing increases lift, causing that wing to rise. This rolling motion is essential for maneuvering the aircraft during flight, allowing the pilot to bank the plane for turns and maintain lateral stability. Thus, the ailerons are critical for managing how the aircraft rotates around its longitudinal axis, ensuring a balanced and controlled flight.

The other functions outlined in the choices are not the primary roles of the ailerons. Controls for altitude and airspeed involve other flight instruments and surfaces, pitch adjustment during landing is primarily managed by the elevator, and thrust production is the role of the aircraft's engines, not the ailerons.